Modals

Modales are speciel  verbs in the English language . They are different from normal verbs like cook , play , visit , extc. They give additional information about the Function the main verb .
+ Use of Modals :                                                                
Modals are used to express Functions like :
-          Permission
-          Ability
-          Obligation
-          Prohibition
-          Necessity
-          Lack of necessity
-          Possibility / Probability
-          Advice
Remember : Modals are always followed by “Infinitive without To “ except need to , ought to
 Examples
1.       Can
I can speak English
2.       Could
I could go to the cinema
3.       May
It may rain today 
4.       Might
It might rain today
5.       Must
You must stop when the traffic light is red
6.       Must not / May not
You mustn’t work on teacher’s office
You may not work on teacher’s office
7.       Need to
We need to some money because we have the trip next week
8.       Ought to
You ought to drive carefully in bad weather
9.       Shall 
Shall I carry your bag ?
10.       Should
You should see the Doctor
11.       Will
I will stop smoking
12.       Would
Sometimes he would bring me some flowers 

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The Coffee-House of Surat by Leo Tolstoy pdf

صورة
      The Coffee-House of Surat  In the town of Surat, in India, was a coffee-house where many travellers and foreigners from all parts of the world met and conversed. One day a learned Persian theologian visited this coffee-house. He was a man who had spent his life studying the nature of the Deity, and reading and writing books upon the subject. He had thought, read, and written so much about God, that eventually he lost his wits, became quite confused, and ceased even to believe in the existence of a God. The Shah, hearing of this, had banished him from Persia. If you complete to read it, download below ↓                                                               ↓ All readers can download below  The Coffee-House of Surat                ...
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Punctuation

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Punctuation  is use of certain marks or signs called stops . The main kinds of punctuation are :  1- The full stop ( . ) 2- The colon (:)  3-The semicolon ( ; ) 4-The comma ( , ) 5- The question mark (?)  6- The exclamation mark (!)  7- The dash ( ー) 8- Quotation mark ( << >> ) 9- The apostrophe ( ＇) 10- The hyphen (-) 11- Brackets ( ) 12-Dots (...) 1) The full stop: (.) It is used in these cases . *At the end of the sentence . Ex : I come to school every day . *After abbreviations , M.A.D.Sc.U.S.A. *For decimal points in numbers. 305-45, 4. 2) The colon : ( : )  * To introduce a direct statement as He said : (I am late) . *To introduce a list of details .  The best work of Shakespeare :( Hamlet , King , Othello , Romeo and Juliet) . * Between two complet sentence not joined by conjunction . This is the doctor: he has treated many people . 3) The semicolon:(;) *To separate long coordinate clauses,...
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Past Perfect Tense

صورة
The past perfect is used to clarify   the order of two past actions the past perfect and the second uses the simple past .  This is the rule of the past perfect : subject + had + past participle of the main verb Affirmative form I had worked You had worked He/She/It had worked We had worked You had worked They had worked Negative form I had not ( hadn't )  worked You had not worked He/She/It had not worked  We had not worked  You had not worked They had not worked Interrogative form had I worked ...? had you worked ...? had he/she/it worked ...? had we  worked ...? had you worked ...? had they worked ...? Example : They had finished their homework when I called them . Before he entered , he had shut the door . They had gone for the trip when you reached them .
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